Итак, вы уже знаете английские модальные глаголы (уровень beginner). В этом уроке мы подробно разберем еще один важный момент. Как известно, модальные глаголы  — это особые глаголы и они не изменяются по временам. Вместо них это делают их эквиваленты.

  • must = have to
  • can = exist able to
  • may = be allowed to

Чтобы понять, как работают эквиваленты модальных глаголов в разных временах, надо выполнить упражнения на модальные глаголы (уровень intermediate).

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты в английском языке. Упражнения

  1. Модальный глагол Must (= Have to)
  2. Модальный глагол Can (= Be able to)
  3. Модальный глагол May (= Be allowed to)
  4. Модальный глагол Demand
  5. Модальный глагол Should

I. Модальный глагол  MUST (have to)

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. Y'all must work difficult on your English.
  2. You must learn the words.
  3. Y'all must not talk at the lessons.
  4. Yous must non be late.
  5. Must I larn this verse form past heart? (чаще Shall I learn this poem by heart?)
  6. Information technology must be cold outside.*
  7. She must be very hungry.*

Выражение accept to – приходится  является эквивалентом глагола must и употребляется вместо него в разных временах.

* * *

Упражнение 2.Переведите на русский язык.

  1. I have to work belatedly today.
  2. She had to stay at home because she did not experience well.
  3. Peter will have to stay at dwelling house considering it will be very cold.
  4. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done information technology at home.
  5. They had to call the medico considering the grandmother had fallen sick.
  6. Why did you take to stay at home yesterday? — Considering my parents were non at home and I had to await after my little sister.
  7. It is Sunday tomorrow, and so he won't take to go at piece of work, just he volition have to practice a lot at dwelling.
  8. I haven't written my essay, and then I will have to write information technology on Sunday.
  9. Why do y'all have to become upwards early every mean solar day?
  10. Will you accept to get upwardly early tomorrow?

* * *

Упражнение 3.Перепишите каждое предложение дважды:в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Заменяйте модальный глагол must его эквивалентом.

  1. Y'all must read the text several times.
  2. The doctor must examine the child.
  3. You must take part in the work.
  4. She must go if she doesn't want to be tardily.
  5. They must become ready for exams.
  6. He must do information technology on time.
  7. I must ask my parents.

* * *

2. Модальный глагол Tin (exist able to)

Упражнение four. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. The kid can swim.
  2. She can speak French.
  3. Can you help me in the garden?
  4. Tin you lot wait till tomorrow morning?
  5. I cannot dance.
  6. My fiddling sister cannot walk.
  7. You can't practice this.
  8. You can't smoke in public places.

can't — нельзя (правило поведения, решение других людей)

Выражение be able to – быть в состоянии (досл.)  является эквивалентом глагола can и употребляется вместо него в разных временах.

* * *

Упражнение v. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. I am able to do it.
  2. She volition be able to get to the airport in time.
  3. He was able to swim across the river.
  4. They were able to terminate the work on fourth dimension.
  5. Will you be able to help me about the house?
  6. He isn't able to buy a new motorcar.
  7. They won't be able to arrange everything by themselves.

* * *

Упражнение 6. Напишите форму модального глагола Can или его эквивалента в зависимости от времени.

  1. I ________ swim when I was four.
  2. Now I _______use a calculator very well.
  3. I __________to play the piano when I was seven.
  4. I __________to  drive a car next year.
  5. At present I _________not drive a motorcar.

* * *

Упражнение 7.Напишите форму модального глагола CAN или его эквивалента в предложении в зависимости от времени.

  1. He _______ not speak English when he was four.
  2. He _____not speak English very well at present.
  3. I am afraid he __________(not) to go to England side by side yr.
  4. She ______(not) to sing now. She feels bad.
  5. I hope she __________ to sing tomorrow when she is better.

* * *

Упражнение 8. Вставьте в предложения формы модального глаголаtinили его эквивалентexist able to в зависимости от времени глагола.

  1. What is your favourite sport? — Swimming. I ______swim when I was four.
  2. Do you lot like Maths? — Maths is my worst subject. I ________to do sums.
  3. I need your assistance with English. — Ok, ______you _________to come to my place tomorrow?
  4. Why did you lot buy a new computer? — The old reckoner was very slow. I _________play games on information technology.
  5. I recall the box is heavy. — No, it'due south OK. I _____ conduct information technology.
  6. Did you go out on Saturday? — No, I didn't. I ______go out because I was sick.
  7. They _______to speak English language two years ago.
  8. Kate _________to come to the party tomorrow.
  9. He is lazy. I recollect he ______to become a good chore.
  10. She didn't study difficult and ______to enter a university.

* * *

Упражнение 9.Вставьте формы модального глагола CAN или его эквиваленты.

These days many people _________ to buy computers. We ___________use them for work and play. In the past, nobody________beleive stories about robots and infinite travel, just at present computers ___________to walk and talk. They _________to wing to the moon! They __________send messages, write music and speak different languages! In future, they _________to do many different things. Scientists __________to make robots like people just I don't think computers ______ever _________ to experience emotions.

* * *

Упражнение 10.Перепишите следующие предложения с учетом предложений в скобках. Замените модальный глагол саn (could) выражением to be able to, где это нужно.

1. They can appreciate your kindness. – Они могут оценить твою доброту.

Они никогда не смогут оценить твою доброту. (never)

two. He could translate that article. – Он мог перевести эту статью.

Он смог перевести эту статью после того,  как он перевел столько текстов по данной тематике. (had translated so many texts on the field of study).

3. You tin go to the land. – Ты можешь поехать за город.

Ты сможешь поехать за город, когда сдашь экзамены. (when yous accept passed your exams).

4. We tin go on to the next exercise. – Мы можем переходить к следующему упражнению.

Мы сможем перейти к следующему упражнению после того, как сделаем это. (when nosotros accept done this one).

five. I can give y'all my book for a couple of days. – Я могу дать тебе книгу на пару дней.

Я смогу дать тебе эту книгу на пару дней после того, как ее прочитаю. (after I accept read it).

6. We knew that she could swim. – Мы знали, что она умеет плавать.

Мы знали, что она умела плавать с детства. (since childhood).

7. You cannot take function in this contest. – Ты не можешь принять участие в этом соревновании.
Ты не сможешь принять участие в этом соревновании, пока не овладеешь достаточными навыками. (until you take mastered proficient skills).

 * * *

Упражнение 11. Посмотрите на знаки. Выберите правильный вариант. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Упражнения

* * *

Упражнение 12. Заполните пропуски. вставьте have to or can't.

Нам часто приходится выполнять инструкции и подчиняться правилам, в этом случае мы говорим «приходится» и «не разрешено». Вот несколько правил поведения в общественных местах.

Запомните, что модальные глаголы  Tin'T и HAVE TO выражают ОБЩИЕ ПРАВИЛА или ЗАПРЕТ.

  1. In a plane you lot __________ use a mobile phone, you ___________wear a seat belt.
  2. At the movie theater you ________smoke, you_____________ _switch off your mobile phone.
  3. In the library yous _______ exist tranquility, y'all _________write in the books.
  4. In the hospital yous ___________use a mobile, you ___________take medicine.
  5. At the petrol station yous ____________light a cigarette, y'all ____________pay for the petrol.

 * * *

III. Модальный глагол  MAY (be allowed to)

Упражнение 13. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. May I invite Kate for dinner?
  2. May I go home?
  3. Yous may watch TV after you have done your homework.
  4. You may go for a walk after you have washed the dishes.
  5. Don't get solitary, you lot may lose your way.
  6. Don't give the vase to the child, he may suspension it.
  7. It may be truthful.
  8. Information technology may take a long time.

Выражение be allowed to – разрешается (досл.)  является эквивалентом глагола may и употребляется вместо него в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice).

Читать подробнее  — Пассивный залог в английском языке.

Форма might, как правило, используется в косвенной речи по правилу согласование времен. Читать подробнее  — Косвенная речь в английском языке (правила).

ПРИМЕР. May I buy an ice-cream? – The child asked his mother if he might buy an water ice-cream.

Упражнение 14. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. I am immune to stay late at night.
  2. He is immune to invite his friends to his place.
  3. She isn't immune to come up home belatedly.
  4. They are immune to accept a disco party at school.
  5. They are immune to wear casual clothes at the office.
  6. It is not allowed to park cars here.
  7. Information technology is non allowed to turn left here.

* * *

Упражнение 15. Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be allowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) использовать нельзя.

i. Не … become home if he likes.

2. Every bit soon as the male child … leave the room, he ran out to join his friends exterior.

three. The doctor says I am much better. I … get upwards for a few hours every day.

four. … I bring my sister to the party?

5. He asked if he … bring his sis to the political party.

six. After the children had finished their homework, they … watch Tv.

seven. He … join the sports club equally soon as he passes his medical examination (медицинский осмотр).

8. His female parent said that everybody… take part in the picnic.

9. If you pass your exams, you … go to the s.

10. … you … to get out in the evening?

xi. … I bor­row your car, delight?

12. He asked if he … borrow my car.

13…. I have a expect at your paper?

14. One twenty-four hours all his dreams … come true.

15. … Kate … to accept a pet?

* * *

Iv. Модальный глагол NEED

Упражнение 16. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. I demand not become to work today.
  2. You need not translate this difficult text.
  3. You need not exercise everything by yourself.
  4. She demand not purchase bread.
  5. They need non wait for him.
  6. Need I melt the dinner? (достаточно редко употребляется, чаще)
  7. Shall I melt the dinner?

* * *

Упражнение 17. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол need

ПРИМЕР. It is not necessary to go there. = You lot demand non become in that location.

  1. Information technology is not necessary to take a taxi.
  2. It is non necessary to buy the kid everything he wants.
  3. It is non necessary to go up early on weekends.
  4. It is not necessary for you to be nowadays at the meeting.
  5. It is not necessary for him to remind me about her birthday.
  6. Information technology is not necessary for female parent to cook a pie. We tin buy a block.

* * *

V. Модальный глагол  SHOULD

Упражнение 18. Переведите на русский язык.

  1. You lot should apologize if you are wrong.
  2. Parents should know how to encourage your child.
  3. She should pay attention to his words.
  4. He should play less and work more than.
  5. Parents shouldn't quarrel in the presence of their child.
  6. You shouldn't drink cold milk if yous are ill.
  7. They shouldn't requite their child everything he wants.

* * *

Упражнение 19. Дайте совет, используя модальный глагол should и фразы, данные в скобках.

ПРИМЕР. She doesn't read very well. (to read aloud)  — She should read aloud.

  1. This child doesn't want to swallow soup. (give her sweets before dinner)
  2. She has done a lot of spelling mistakes. (to rewrite the practice again.)
  3. The dog is agape of him. (not to shout at the domestic dog)
  4. The students couldn't sympathize what the teacher said in English. (not to speak so fast)
  5. The boy looks pale. (to play out of doors)
  6. I am agape you will miss the last train. (to take a taxi)
  7. Information technology is going to pelting. (to take an umbrella with you lot)

* * *

Упражнение 20 (заключительное). Вставьте модальный глагол, исходя из контекста.

  1. Mum, ……..… I purchase an ice-foam? (можно)
  2. You …..…. hear this music everywhere, it's very popular. (можешь)
  3. What …..…. I do to assistance y'all? (могу)
  4. Y'all …..…. not read in bed. (нельзя)
  5. Yous………..…. non worry. All is going to be fine. (не нужно)
  6. I think you ………….. buy this book. (следует)
  7. He ……………..give upwards smoking after a middle assail. (должен)

Вы выполнилиупражнения на модальные глаголы MUST, CAN, MAY, Demand, SHOULD и их эквиваленты.

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